Fertilising

The fundamental components of fertiliser consist of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (NPK). Nitrogen promotes above-ground growth of leaves and stems, while Phosphorus aids in root development and the growth of fruits and flowers. Potassium contributes to overall plant health. 

Different ratios of NPK are commonly used for various trees and seasons, but experts now recommend maintaining a consistent NPK ratio throughout the Bonsai growth cycle. In addition to the three macronutrients, fertilisers may contain micronutrients such as Iron, Manganese, Boron, Molybdenum, Zinc, and Copper. 

When to apply fertiliser depends on the specific Bonsai tree, with most trees benefiting from fertilisation during the growing season from early spring to mid-fall. Older trees may require less frequent fertilisation based on factors such as species, time of year, development stage, and overall health. Indoor Bonsai trees can be fertilized year-round. Choosing the appropriate fertilizer is crucial for tree health. 

For outdoor Bonsai, a fertiliser with a higher Nitrogen content like NPK 10:6:6 is recommended in spring, a balanced fertiliser like NPK 6:6:6 in summer, and a low Nitrogen fertilizer like NPK 3:6:6 in autumn. However, a balanced fertiliser used consistently throughout the growing season is becoming increasingly favoured by experts. The developmental stage of the tree should also influence the choice of fertiliser, with stronger fertilisers recommended for trees in early development and balanced fertilizers for trees in late development. Subtropical tree species kept indoors require consistent fertilisation due to their year-round growth. A balanced liquid fertiliser is recommended for indoor Bonsai trees, following the instructions provided on the product label. 

Exceptions to the standard NPK ratios may be necessary in certain situations, such as using a high Phosphorus fertiliser like NPK 6:10:6 to promote flowering in Bonsai trees. Adjusting the Nitrogen content or reducing the amount of fertiliser can benefit older trees. Various types of fertilizers are available, including liquid, solid, synthetic, and organic options. 

Regardless of the type chosen, it is essential to adhere to the application guidelines provided on the product packaging. The quantity and frequency of fertiliser application should be determined by the specific product used. 

Following the instructions on the fertilizer packaging is crucial to ensure proper feeding of the Bonsai. 

It is important to plant Bonsai in a well-draining soil mix to prevent salt build-up. For trees no longer in training, reducing the recommended fertiliser quantity can help balance growth. Using fertiliser baskets with solid fertiliser can help keep the fertiliser in place. 

Avoid overfeeding your trees, as this can harm their health, and refrain from fertilising if the tree shows signs of distress.

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